NEC ReferenceNEC 2023 · 2026 · Updated Apr 2026

NEC Article 230: Electrical Service Requirements

NEC Article 230: Services covers overhead clearances through emergency disconnect (nec 2020+). This guide explains each major section with practical interpretation for electricians.

230.24 Overhead Clearances

Service drop clearances: 10 feet above finished grade at service entrance, 12 feet above residential driveways, 18 feet above public roads. The service point (where utility meets your wiring) determines who is responsible for what.

230.30-32 Underground Service

Underground service lateral: minimum burial depth per Table 300.5 (typically 24 inches for direct burial, 18 inches under concrete). Conduit type matters: PVC Schedule 80 for the riser portion, Schedule 40 or direct burial cable below grade.

230.70-82 Service Disconnect

The service disconnect (main breaker) must be at a readily accessible location nearest the service entrance. Maximum six disconnects to shut off all power (the "six throw rule"). Emergency disconnect required on exterior per NEC 2023 230.85.

230.66 Grounding Electrode

Service entrance requires a grounding electrode system: concrete-encased electrode (UFER) if available, ground rods (two required unless one tests under 25 ohms), metal water pipe (first 5 feet), or building steel. GEC sized per Table 250.66.

230.85 Emergency Disconnect (NEC 2020+)

NEC 2020 added a requirement for an emergency disconnect on the exterior of every dwelling. This allows first responders to shut off power from outside. One- and two-family dwellings must have the service disconnect at a readily accessible outdoor location.

Key NEC Tables Referenced

Frequently Asked Questions

What does NEC Article 230 cover?

Article 230 covers services requirements. Key sections include 230.24 Overhead Clearances and 230.30-32 Underground Service. It applies to all electrical installations in the United States.

Where can I find the full text of Article 230?

The full NEC is published by NFPA and available at nfpa.org. Many libraries provide free access. Your local building department also has copies available for reference during permit applications.

Does Article 230 apply to existing wiring?

The NEC applies to new installations, modifications, and additions. Existing wiring that was code-compliant when installed is generally grandfathered unless a renovation triggers an upgrade requirement. Check with your local AHJ (authority having jurisdiction).

When did the current Article 230 requirements take effect?

NEC 2023 is the current edition. Adoption varies by state. Check your state adoption status on our state code pages.

Requirements vary by state. NEC edition, licensing, permits, and GFCI rules differ by jurisdiction. Check your state or pick it below for personalized info across WireRef.
This guide provides practical interpretation of NEC requirements. Always verify with your local AHJ and the current NEC edition adopted in your jurisdiction. WireRef is a reference tool and does not replace licensed professional judgment.

NEC 2023 references verified April 2026