NEC ReferenceNEC 2023 · 2026 · Updated Apr 2026

NEC Article 220: Dwelling Load Calculations

NEC Article 220: Load Calculations covers general lighting loads through service size. This guide explains each major section with practical interpretation for electricians.

220.12 General Lighting Loads

Dwelling units: 3 VA per square foot of living area. A 2,000 sq ft home starts with 6,000 VA for general lighting. This seems high for modern LED homes, but the NEC accounts for worst-case incandescent use and general receptacle loads.

220.52 Small Appliance and Laundry

Two small-appliance branch circuits at 1,500 VA each = 3,000 VA. One laundry circuit at 1,500 VA. These are fixed values regardless of actual appliance count. Total so far for 2,000 sqft: 6,000 + 3,000 + 1,500 = 10,500 VA.

220.42 General Lighting Demand Factors

The first 3,000 VA at 100%, the remainder at 35%. For our 10,500 VA example: 3,000 × 100% + 7,500 × 35% = 3,000 + 2,625 = 5,625 VA after demand. This reflects the reality that not everything runs simultaneously.

220.53 Appliance Load

Four or more fastened-in-place appliances (water heater, dishwasher, disposal, etc.): apply 75% demand factor to the total. Electric range: use Table 220.55 demand factors (a single range up to 12 kW counts as 8 kW). Dryer: 5,000 VA or nameplate, whichever is larger.

Calculating Service Size

Add all demand loads. Divide by 240V for amperage. Example: 2,000 sqft home with electric range, dryer, water heater, central AC, and EV charger might calculate to 32,000 VA = 133A - a 200A service. Without the EV charger, it might be 105A - still 200A service since 150A services are rare.

Key NEC Tables Referenced

Frequently Asked Questions

What does NEC Article 220 cover?

Article 220 covers load calculations requirements. Key sections include 220.12 General Lighting Loads and 220.52 Small Appliance and Laundry. It applies to all electrical installations in the United States.

Where can I find the full text of Article 220?

The full NEC is published by NFPA and available at nfpa.org. Many libraries provide free access. Your local building department also has copies available for reference during permit applications.

Does Article 220 apply to existing wiring?

The NEC applies to new installations, modifications, and additions. Existing wiring that was code-compliant when installed is generally grandfathered unless a renovation triggers an upgrade requirement. Check with your local AHJ (authority having jurisdiction).

When did the current Article 220 requirements take effect?

NEC 2023 is the current edition. Adoption varies by state. Check your state adoption status on our state code pages.

Requirements vary by state. NEC edition, licensing, permits, and GFCI rules differ by jurisdiction. Check your state or pick it below for personalized info across WireRef.
This guide provides practical interpretation of NEC requirements. Always verify with your local AHJ and the current NEC edition adopted in your jurisdiction. WireRef is a reference tool and does not replace licensed professional judgment.

NEC 2023 references verified April 2026