10 AWG Copper vs Aluminum
At 10 AWG, aluminum wire carries 14% less current than copper but costs roughly 40-60% less per foot and weighs one-third as much. With copper prices rising, 10 AWG aluminum wire is increasingly common for feeders and service entrances where the cost savings are substantial.
Ampacity comparison
All values per NEC 2023 Table 310.16 for THHN insulation with 110.14(C) termination limits applied.
| Property | Copper | Aluminum |
|---|---|---|
| 90°C ampacity | 40A | 35A |
| Usable (after 110.14(C)) | 35A | 30A |
| Breaker | 30A | 25A |
| Conduit (EMT) | 3/4" EMT | 1/2" EMT |
Voltage drop comparison
Voltage drop at 30A load (limited by aluminum capacity) on 240V single-phase.
| Distance | Copper | Aluminum |
|---|---|---|
| 50 ft | 1.6% | 2.5% |
| 75 ft | 2.3% | 3.8% |
| 100 ft | 3.1% | 5.1% |
| 150 ft | 4.7% | 7.7% |
| 200 ft | 6.2% | 10.2% |
When to use each
Use 10 AWG copper when
- You need the full 35A capacity in a single conductor
- Terminal connections are standard (most residential equipment is copper-only rated)
- Space is limited and you need the smallest conduit possible
- Connections will not be accessible for periodic retorquing
Use 10 AWG aluminum when
- 30A is sufficient for your load
- All terminals are AL-rated (marked AL/CU or AL)
- Anti-oxidant compound will be applied at every connection
- Cost savings justify the extra installation care
What to buy
At 10 AWG, the copper vs aluminum cost gap becomes significant. For branch circuits under 50 feet, copper THHN in conduit is standard. For feeders to subpanels or outbuildings, aluminum THHN saves 40-60% on material. Always buy anti-oxidant compound (like Noalox) when using aluminum, and verify every device is AL-rated before purchasing.
Common products for 10 AWG Copper circuits
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Detailed ampacity: 10 AWG copper, 10 AWG aluminum. Wire size lookup: 30A circuit.
Frequently asked questions
Is 10 AWG aluminum safe to use?
Yes, when installed correctly. 10 AWG aluminum carries 30A and is common in feeder circuits. Use AL-rated terminals, apply anti-oxidant compound, and torque connections to manufacturer specs. Modern AA-8000 series aluminum is engineered for building wire.
How much less does 10 AWG aluminum carry than copper?
10 AWG aluminum carries 30A vs 35A for copper, a 5A difference (14% reduction). To match copper ampacity, you typically need to go up 2 gauge sizes in aluminum.
What size aluminum equals 10 AWG copper?
To match 10 AWG copper (35A), check the 30A wire size guide for the exact aluminum equivalent needed.
Can I mix copper and aluminum in the same circuit?
Not directly. Copper and aluminum must not touch at connections due to galvanic corrosion. Use approved bimetallic connectors (like Alumiconn) or AL/CU-rated panel lugs.
NEC 2023 references verified April 2026